ACL tears are common in athletes and often require surgical reconstruction. Recovery typically takes 6–12 months before returning to competitive sports. Stem cell therapy, especially using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), shows promise in enhancing graft healing and inflammation control, with return-to-play time reduced by 1–3 months in some cases.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects millions of men worldwide and is often linked to vascular, neurological, or psychological factors. Traditional treatments include oral PDE5 inhibitors, vacuum pumps, and penile injections. Recently, regenerative therapies using stem cells have emerged as potential options to improve erectile function by promoting tissue repair and blood flow.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are common among elite athletes in sports such as football, soccer, and basketball. ACL reconstruction surgery is often necessary to restore knee stability and function. However, recovery can take 6 to 12 months, and reinjury rates remain high. Regenerative medicine, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), aims to improve healing of the ligament graft, reduce inflammation, and potentially shorten recovery time.

Tendonitis, the inflammation or degeneration of tendons, is a common injury in elite tennis and golf players due to repetitive stress on the elbow (e.g., tennis elbow) or shoulder. Traditional management includes rest, NSAIDs, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, and sometimes surgery, but these often provide only temporary relief or incomplete healing.

Peripheral nerve damage can result from trauma, surgery, or chronic conditions, causing pain, numbness, weakness, or loss of function. Traditional treatments include physical therapy, pain management, and sometimes surgery, but these often provide limited or incomplete recovery. Regenerative medicine, especially mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, offers potential to promote nerve regeneration, reduce inflammation, and improve functional recovery.

Muscle strains and tendon tears are among the most common sports injuries, especially in elite athletes in high-intensity sports like football, soccer, and track. Traditional treatments include RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), physical therapy, and sometimes surgery, all of which can lead to extended downtime. Recently, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential way to accelerate tissue regeneration and reduce time away from competition.

Hamstring strains are among the most common injuries in professional football and other high-performance sports, often leading to significant time away from play. Traditional treatments include RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), physical therapy, and sometimes surgical repair. However, recurrence rates are high, and time to return to play (RTP) varies widely.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet Lysate (PL) are both autologous blood-derived products used in regenerative medicine. While PRP contains intact platelets that release growth factors upon activation, PL is produced by lysing platelets to release their contents, resulting in a cell-free product rich in growth factors. This summary provides a comparative analysis of PRP and PL based on current clinical and preclinical studies.

Both stem cell therapy and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments are prominent in regenerative medicine, aiming to repair and rejuvenate damaged tissues. While PRP is widely utilized for its growth factor-rich composition, stem cells offer the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, potentially providing more comprehensive healing. Below is a comparative analysis based on recent clinical studies and reviews.